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While lists such as the Academic Word List (AWL) (for academic study) and the General Service List (GSL) (for general vocabulary) are fairly well known, there are other lists of general words which have been developed, some very recently, which are less well known but potentially very useful to students. The following pages give information on some of these lists.
New General Service List (NGSL)
The New General Service List (NGSL), developed in 2013, is a list of 2801 words which comprise the most important high-frequency words in English, giving the highest possible coverage with the fewest possible words (90% coverage).
New General Service List (new-GSL)
The New General Service List (new-GSL), developed in 2013, is a list of 2494 words created to ensure words frequency, good dispersion across text types, and distribution across older and newer sources. It is based on lemmas rather than word families.
The BNC/COCA lists, developed by Paul Nation, are a series of word family lists based on frequency, organised into 1000-word bands from the 1st to the 25th thousand. The lists were derived from the BNC and COCA corpora and are a primary resource for creating graded readers.

Author: Sheldon Smith ‖ Last modified: 21 February 2026.
Sheldon Smith is the founder and editor of EAPFoundation.com. He has been teaching English for Academic Purposes since 2004. Find out more about him in the about section and connect with him on Twitter, Facebook and LinkedIn.
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